Painted fans came
into fashion in Britain after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660.
English fans of the following 15 years had an arc of 140 to 160 degrees,
with 14-18 sticks, covered by a fan leaf to a depth of about two-thirds.
The quality of the painting and subject matter varies enormously, the
best and most elaborate high quality fans still came from France. After
the influx of Huguenot refugees from France in the late 1680s and early
1690s, the quality of painted fans improved tremendously. At the same
time, the size and shape of fans increased between 1690 and 1730 the number
of sticks averaged 24-26.
It was forbidden
in France to show anything but allegorical paintings on fans in the period,
because the fan makers belonged to a different guild as the painters did
and therefore they were not allowed to make fan leaves depicting real
life scenes. Interestingly enough, there is a French fan leaf in the Greenwich
Fan Museum near London, which commemorates an important event in Louis
XIV's life, but is devoid of any cupids which would have made the painting
legitimately 'allegorical'. The one below, which commemorates the marriage
of Louis XIV has those cupids.
Below you will find
fans from the later period as well, because there are only a few fans
of the 1660s surviving and when they are, then it is near impossible to
find pictures of them, let alone be allowed to take pictures.
1660
This fan is a woodblock print on a paper leaf and was made to
commemorate the restoration of the monarchy in England. The fan is
25 cm long. It shows acorn leaves, acorns, crowns and orbs. The writing
says THE HAPY RESTORATION. |
1670
This unmounted fanleaf is French and shows the toilette of Madame
de Montespan, one f the more famous mistresses of Louis XIV. She is
depicted as Venus with cupids in a bejewelled and highly decorated
room assisting her toilette. |
1670-1700
This French fan depicts the Triumph of Alexander and is gouache
panting on leather. The ivory sticks are piqued with silver. |
1670-80
Another exquisite French fan leaf, showing Venus and cupid, again
gouache on leather. The reverse is painted with flowers, similar to
the ones at the sides. The fan had been dismounted and the sticks
discarded, but the fine painting was kept. |
1670s
Cupid once again in a toilette scene, a very favoured topic of
fans of the period. French. |
1690-1700
Once again the toilette of Venus, gouache on leather and ivory
sticks. French. |
1700
This Italian fan is painted in bodycolours onto paper and by now fans
are about 16-18 cm long. The ivory sticks are silver piqued and carved. |
1700
North European wedding fan. Gouache painting on thick vellum.
The difference in quality between this one and the others on this
page is tremendous. |
1700-20
This later period fan is interesting, because it is not a paper
or leather/parchment fan, but a brise fan, which means that the sticks
form the leaf as well. These here are made from ivory and painted
with water-colours which were then varnished. The painting depicts
the finding of Moses. Note the parasol over the lady. French or Dutch. |
1660s
French fan leaf commemorating the marriage of Louis XIV. It is
interesting to note that some ladies half their fans half open while
the Queen has hers closed. This is an oddity, because according to
etiquette at the French court no lady was allowed to open her fan
in the Queen's presence. All other depictions of court life give evidence
to this. |
This
is my own fan and I made a quick temporary solution by photocopying
a print of a scan of the French 1670s fan leaf onto A3 paper and then
mounting this onto a bone fan that I had won on eBay, and which had
a completely shattered silk leaf. |
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