| Painted fans came 
                          into fashion in Britain after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660. 
                          English fans of the following 15 years had an arc of 140 to 160 degrees, 
                          with 14-18 sticks, covered by a fan leaf to a depth of about two-thirds. 
                          The quality of the painting and subject matter varies enormously, the 
                          best and most elaborate high quality fans still came from France. After 
                          the influx of Huguenot refugees from France in the late 1680s and early 
                          1690s, the quality of painted fans improved tremendously. At the same 
                          time, the size and shape of fans increased between 1690 and 1730 the number 
                          of sticks averaged 24-26.  It was forbidden 
                            in France to show anything but allegorical paintings on fans in the period, 
                            because the fan makers belonged to a different guild as the painters did 
                            and therefore they were not allowed to make fan leaves depicting real 
                            life scenes. Interestingly enough, there is a French fan leaf in the Greenwich 
                            Fan Museum near London, which commemorates an important event in Louis 
                            XIV's life, but is devoid of any cupids which would have made the painting 
                            legitimately 'allegorical'. The one below, which commemorates the marriage 
                            of Louis XIV has those cupids.   Below you will find 
                            fans from the later period as well, because there are only a few fans 
                            of the 1660s surviving and when they are, then it is near impossible to 
                            find pictures of them, let alone be allowed to take pictures.   
                            
                              |  1660 This fan is a woodblock print on a paper leaf and was made to 
                                commemorate the restoration of the monarchy in England. The fan is 
                                25 cm long. It shows acorn leaves, acorns, crowns and orbs. The writing 
                                says THE HAPY RESTORATION.
 |  1670 This unmounted fanleaf is French and shows the toilette of Madame 
                                de Montespan, one f the more famous mistresses of Louis XIV. She is 
                                depicted as Venus with cupids in a bejewelled and highly decorated 
                                room assisting her toilette.
 |  
                              |  1670-1700 This French fan depicts the Triumph of Alexander and is gouache 
                                panting on leather. The ivory sticks are piqued with silver.
 |  1670-80 Another exquisite French fan leaf, showing Venus and cupid, again 
                                gouache on leather. The reverse is painted with flowers, similar to 
                                the ones at the sides. The fan had been dismounted and the sticks 
                                discarded, but the fine painting was kept.
 |  
                              |  1670s Cupid once again in a toilette scene, a very favoured topic of 
                                fans of the period. French.
 |  1690-1700 Once again the toilette of Venus, gouache on leather and ivory 
                                sticks. French.
 |  
                              |  1700 This Italian fan is painted in bodycolours onto paper and by now fans 
                                are about 16-18 cm long. The ivory sticks are silver piqued and carved.
 |  1700 North European wedding fan. Gouache painting on thick vellum. 
                                The difference in quality between this one and the others on this 
                                page is tremendous.
 |  
                              |  1700-20 This later period fan is interesting, because it is not a paper 
                                or leather/parchment fan, but a brise fan, which means that the sticks 
                                form the leaf as well. These here are made from ivory and painted 
                                with water-colours which were then varnished. The painting depicts 
                                the finding of Moses. Note the parasol over the lady. French or Dutch.
 |  1660s French fan leaf commemorating the marriage of Louis XIV. It is 
                                interesting to note that some ladies half their fans half open while 
                                the Queen has hers closed. This is an oddity, because according to 
                                etiquette at the French court no lady was allowed to open her fan 
                                in the Queen's presence. All other depictions of court life give evidence 
                                to this.
 |  
                              |  This 
                                is my own fan and I made a quick temporary solution by photocopying 
                                a print of a scan of the French 1670s fan leaf onto A3 paper and then 
                                mounting this onto a bone fan that I had won on eBay, and which had 
                                a completely shattered silk leaf. |  |  |